The fuel pump has a filter to catch debris and once fuel is added most of the debris will get washed off the filter, all petrol tanks have some debris in them.
I know about E10, it should also not be used if the vehicle runs mostly on LPG, as for damage to the fuel system japan have been using it since 2000
I prefer to know how many miles I have left once the warning light comes on rather than rely on an arbitrary figure that is only good for when the vehicle is new, so once the level is low enough to trigger the warning I know I have approximately X amount of fuel/miles left in the tank, but I always fill up well before that